![](/images/graphics-bg.png)
Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases : Focus on Human Studies
Author
Source
Issue
Vol. 2014, Issue 2014 (31 Dec. 2014), pp.1-18, 18 p.
Publisher
Hindawi Publishing Corporation
Publication Date
2014-01-23
Country of Publication
Egypt
No. of Pages
18
Main Subjects
Abstract EN
Developmental immunotoxicity (DIT) is a term given to encompass the environmentally induced disruption of normal immune development resulting in adverse outcomes.
A myriad of chemical, physical, and psychological factors can all contribute to DIT.
As a core component of the developmental origins of adult disease, DIT is interlinked with three important concepts surrounding health risks across a lifetime: (1) the Barker Hypothesis, which connects prenatal development to later-life diseases, (2) the hygiene hypothesis, which connects newborns and infants to risk of later-life diseases and, (3) fetal programming and epigenetic alterations, which may exert effects both in later life and across future generations.
This review of DIT considers: (1) the history and context of DIT research, (2) the fundamental features of DIT, (3) the emerging role of DIT in risk of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) and (4) the range of risk factors that have been investigated through human research.
The emphasis on the human DIT-related literature is significant since most prior reviews of DIT have largely focused on animal research and considerations of specific categories of risk factors (e.g., heavy metals).
Risk factors considered in this review include air pollution, aluminum, antibiotics, arsenic, bisphenol A, ethanol, lead (Pb), maternal smoking and environmental tobacco smoke, paracetamol (acetaminophen), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls, and polyfluorinated compounds.
American Psychological Association (APA)
Dietert, Rodney R.. 2014. Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases : Focus on Human Studies. Advances in Medicine،Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-504697
Modern Language Association (MLA)
Dietert, Rodney R.. Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases : Focus on Human Studies. Advances in Medicine No. 2014 (2014), pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-504697
American Medical Association (AMA)
Dietert, Rodney R.. Developmental Immunotoxicity, Perinatal Programming, and Noncommunicable Diseases : Focus on Human Studies. Advances in Medicine. 2014. Vol. 2014, no. 2014, pp.1-18.
https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-504697
Data Type
Journal Articles
Language
English
Notes
Includes bibliographical references
Record ID
BIM-504697